Edging is the right solution where the patio border is undefined or where soil is spreading onto the surface. A brick, stone, or concrete edging course is set on a hardcore base and mortared in place to hold the perimeter. This also gives the patio surface a clean, finished line and prevents the outer slabs from shifting outward over time.
A retaining wall is needed where there is a meaningful level change, a raised bed, a sloped garden, or a raised terrace, that exerts ground pressure against the patio edge. Cambridgeshire clay soils can shift seasonally, so the wall foundation depth and drainage behind the wall are both checked before any brickwork starts. A drainage channel at the base of the wall prevents water building up behind it.
Where a retaining wall exceeds 1 metre in height or sits close to a boundary, Building Regulations or the Party Wall Act may be relevant. This is factored in from the survey stage, not raised after work has started. The quote covers hardcore base, foundation, mortared walling, backfill, and any drainage channel as separate line items.